REFINERY
Refinery
Refining is a complicated process that includes splitting oil into its many components, which are then utilized for a number of applications, including gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel. The refinement of crude oil also removes contaminants such as sulfur and metals from the raw material, increasing the proportion of useable hydrocarbons and expediting the refining process. The massive increase in global energy consumption necessitates the building of facilities that are optimized for production and profitability.
Prozemek Solutions works to improve the viability of refining operations via the use of various methods. We strive to develop and improve the final process based on the goods necessary (both quantity and quality) with the crude oil that is available. The refiner has several processes at his disposal, and changes in either the product needs or the available crude oil might result in modifications to the essential refining procedures.
With our knowledge, we deliver refining systems in modules that are more likely to operate independently as a refinery unit and can be managed quickly and with minimal disruption. We provide comprehensive automated engineering solutions that are ready for on-site installation. PSPL understands that selecting the proper crude oil is an important element of the refining process. The decision to use the appropriate crude oil, or a combination of crude oils of varying grades, and hence the operation to be induced, is influenced by a number of criteria, including availability, price, quality, and volume.
Specialized Packages
A tank farm is a location where enormous tanks of oil and/or petrochemical goods are stored. Petroleum products
are delivered from the tank farm to end customers or additional storage facilities. Tank farms are made up of
above-ground or subterranean tankage, as well as gantries for discharging goods onto road tankers, other carriers
(such as barges), or pipelines. These farms are typically located near oil refineries or in areas where marine ships and
tankers may take on or discharge their cargo.
Onshore and offshore, electrostatic crude oil dehydrators and desalters are widely used to reduce basic sludge and water (BS&W)
and the weight of salt per thousand barrels (PTB) from crude oil; however, optimizing the electrostatic performance of these flexible,
compact systems requires manual intervention by operations personnel. If the electrostatic desalter is not optimized, it leads to overspending
on demulsifier dosage, heat, freshwater, and rapid refinery catalyst poisoning, all of which contribute to the operating costs necessary to achieve
outlet criteria and prevent contractual fines or loss of throughput.
In the oil and natural gas production, processing, and transmission industries, indirect water heaters have a wide range of practical uses.
Gas dew point heating, upstream pressure regulation, heating of high-pressure natural gas, Fuel Gas super-heating, upstream gas turbines,
downstream gas heating, low-temperature storage, hydrate prevention, and viscosity reduction are some of the most typical applications.
A diesel hydrotreater (DHT) is a vital component of an oil refinery. To meet diesel fuel market criteria, a DHT processes diesel range fractions
produced from various refinery units, such as the delayed coker unit and the crude distillation unit. Because the feed to the DHT is frequently
different from the design feed (because of variations in crude oil quality and upstream unit operating circumstances), real-time data analysis and
optimization are required to optimize profit.
The presence of sulfur compounds in crude oil will cause a slew of issues in the petroleum processing process,
including corrosion, catalyst poisoning, and pollution. Facilities for capturing and removing the resultant
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas are included in industrial hydrodesulfurization systems. The hydrogen sulfide gas is
then transformed into the byproduct elemental sulfur or sulfuric acid in petroleum refineries (H2SO4).
Custody metering refers to transactions that involve physically moving material from one supervisor to another.
This involves the movement of raw or refined petroleum across tanks and tankers, as well as tankers, ships, and
other activities. In fluid measurement, custody transfer is defined as a metering point (place) when the fluid is
metered for sale from one party to the other. When transmitting a substance, accuracy is extremely important to both
the firm supplying the item and the final recipient.
Crude oil distillation systems need a lot of energy. A basic crude oil distillation system consists of a preheat train,
a preflash unit, and an atmospheric distillation unit. In a crude oil distillation system, preflash units provide chances
to minimize the need for fired heating. The goal of this project is to provide a novel design strategy that will improve
output while lowering energy usage and operational costs.
After removing the lighter hydrocarbons by air distillation, the heavy residue at the bottom of the column must be refined.
These heavy hydrocarbon leftovers are routed to a Vacuum Distillation Column for further hydrocarbon separation at a lower pressure.
Heavies from the atmospheric distillation process are heated to around 400 degrees Celsius in a fired heater before being delivered
into the vacuum distillation column, where they are segregated into light gas oil, heavy gas oil, and vacuum residue.
By treating the feed with hydrogen at increased pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst, hydrotreating procedures
remove contaminants such as sulfur and nitrogen from distillate fuels such as naphtha, kerosene, and diesel. In recent years, hydrotreating
has been expanded to air residues in order to reduce the sulfur and metal content of residues for the production of low-sulfur fuel oils.
The treatment operating conditions are determined by the kind of feed and the desulfurization levels needed in the treated product.
The most basic refinery structure, known as a topping refinery, is intended to prepare feedstock for petrochemical manufacturing or the
production of commercial fuels in remote oil-producing locations. A basic topping refinery is built for light sweet oil and has extremely
limited capacity for heavier feedstock. A sophisticated refinery has a larger conversion capacity and is better equipped to fracture heavy
molecules into light end products.
A modular refinery, as the name suggests, is a refinery whose pieces or equipment are built-in modules that can be moved quickly and easily
anywhere around the globe. They come in a variety of dimensions with capacities ranging from 500 to 20,000 barrels per day. Modular refineries
are often skid-mounted on modules and used as a topping or hydro-skimming plant. The majority of the product output is limited to the manufacture
of intermediate distillates, naphtha, and lighting. The use of heavy crudes results in a larger proportion of low-value residual fuel oils.
